In our
daily activities, each of us a few times, consciously or automatically leads
process for obtaining knowledge. It can only affect domestic sphere, and may
involve many different: leisure, work, education, and so on. Undoubtedly, much
of the knowledge generated in us automatically and we hardly realize that we
accept certain knowledge from outside. Thus, the knowledge is formed in us, and
gradually we use them in our lives.
According
to some work professor at New York State University, Vincent R. Ruggiero most
discussed form of knowledge - to know that. He focuses on the information.
Another, equally important kind of knowledge - is to know how. He focuses on
the procedures and strategies. The measure to know how, or know-how, is not
possession richness of content and ownership skills.
As
Professor, we can get genuine knowledge in three different ways, namely, from
personal experience, from observation and from reports from other people. It
would seem to us that the first method is considered the most reliable, but it
is far from perfect. But we, for the most part, do not just acquire new
experiences and keep it sealed in his mind. We are constantly analyzing this
information, we work with it, use it. For example, we compare this information
with past experience, classify it, interpret and evaluate, try to understand.
It is possible that these processes in humans can sometimes occur unconsciously
and without our knowledge. Thus, any violation in this process makes the idea of
our experience other than that with which we have dealt in their experience
in reality.
The most
suitable example is given by Professor Vincent R. Ruggiero, when considered a
social phenomenon as human childhood. Clearly, for many of us, childhood was a
certain stage of our development. Most of us will never have thoughts of anyone
who did not have children, so we are easily and readily believe that childhood
has always existed. However, according to historical research scientists proved
that this idea is false. The historian James X. Plumb in one of their
fundamentals work says that the existing world of European children with his
tales, games, toys, special textbooks, even the idea of childhood - an
invention of the last four centuries. It does not even have a special word for
young men between the ages of seven and sixteen. Then, the word
"child" means simply related, but not age.
Due to the
fact that our perceptions are not passively acquired by us, and they influence
our emotional state and mental processes, they rarely report accurately reflect
the reality - says Professor Vincent R. Ruggiero. Indeed, in reality, emotional
states and mental processes seriously distort our surrounding reality.
As for the
next way to gain knowledge of it for observation. Of course, the monitor must
also be able. So, watching the people, objects and phenomena of the world have
with you is important to understand that it will be effective, provided that it
is correct. At its widest the work of Professor Vincent R. Ruggiero says,
"keep accurate observation is possible, but we sometimes do not bother to
do it." Often we really look at the world around us through the lens of
our experiences, emotions and beliefs. This is due to the fact that we know
about the world for a long time before you see it for yourself. Initially,
almost always, we first talk about the world, and then later we see it. Before
we decide to try for yourself or that the subject of the material world, we
have to imagine. It is important to understand that any resulting prejudice so
that's way gives a distorted view of things, object or phenomenon. The only way
to get rid of or avoid it - education. It is not always able to give us what is
exceptional insight, but we somehow get the opportunity to give us something to
manage the whole process of perception. In addition, the personal perception
built on prejudice is often defined objects as familiar or unfamiliar. This in
turn underlines the tangible for human differences. So, for example, hardly
seems like a familiar begins the familiar and the unfamiliar becomes a completely
foreign. As Professor Vincent R. Ruggiero differences awaken weak signals,
which may vary from the actual sign up to a vague analogy.
Finally, a
third source - the message. This source can gain knowledge from almost
anywhere, as it covers a large part of what we are taught. This includes
parents, teachers, friends and colleagues. Also, we have sufficient knowledge
of the media, books, newspapers, magazines and the Internet. Interestingly,
most of the people in our lives we share with all kinds of information. Part of
it is given to us as an idea, someone we even try what you teach. And even
despite the fact that they teach us in good faith on the basis of
"fair" in their understanding of the information they have at the
same time we can mislead in certain facts. In most cases, they sometimes are
convinced that tells us the correct accurate information. However, according to
Professor Vincent R. Ruggiero, because they are human and can make mistakes
because it is likely that a large proportion of what we are taught, at least
partly wrong.
There are
many interesting examples regarding misuse of "training." Thus,
reporters and journalists often arrive late on the scene. And because all of
the information from these experts draw onlookers, law enforcement, that is,
from those whose knowledge consists of incomplete information on the facts and
on the basis of rumors, they exchanged. Well, no wonder that our media so
poorly working on coverage of events.
Errors
sometimes occur due to simple negligence. For example, in a number of local
online news sites were told that someone named say "Smith" was
arrested for another named "Petrov" in the head. After a while it
became clear that it was not so, in support of which will be released on a
revised version of the same events. There will be described, as
"Petrov" hit "Ivanov" on the leg. It appeared to hit the
other person, and not on the spot. But it is important to understand that those
who have read the first article about the incident, but missed the second
article, in theory, as it were, and "know" what happened, but they
would be wrong.
Many such
errors and wrong judgments incorporated not strange in textbooks and scientific
benefits. Sin in this business academic monographs and Manuals. But most of
academic articles and books contain more precise and accurate review of the
problems, the investigation, because the authors have a great time and work
carefully. But often those cases where the authors of the articles and books
tend to disclose events (especially historical) are not like the ones taking
place, as well as the author likes to think of them, or both, according to him,
they are his audience thinks.
Thus we see
that the world and its understanding is very sensitively dependent on how much
you are willing to accept the facts accurate and honest information. And in
fact how you objectively evaluate an event, or that person - it depends on you.
